Scientific findings and management implications

Acevedo, M. F., D. L. Urban, and M. Ablan. 1995. Transition and gap models of forest dynamics. Ecological Applications 5:1040-1055.

Agee, J. K., B. Bahro, M. A. Finney, P. N. Omi, D. B. Sapsis, C. N. Skinner, J. W. van Wagtendonk, and C. P. Weatherspoon. 2000. The use of shaded fuel breaks in landscape fire management. Forest Ecology and Management 127:55-66.

Anderson, R. S. 1992. Paleoclimatic interpretations of montane meadow sediment, pollen, and macrofossil stratigraphies from California. Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer. 73(2):97-98 (abstract).

Anderson, R. S. 1994. Paleohistory of a giant sequoia grove: the record from Log Meadow, Sequoia National Park. Pages 49-55 in P. S. Aune, ed., Proceedings of the Conference, Giant Sequoias: Their Place in the Ecosystem and Society. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-151.

Anderson, R. S. 1996. Postglacial biogeography of Sierra lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. murrayana) in California. Ecoscience 3:343-351.

Anderson, R. S., and S. L. Carpenter. 1991. Vegetation change in Yosemite Valley, Yosemite National Park, California, during the protohistoric period. Madroño 38:1-13.

Anderson, R. S., and S. J. Smith. 1991. Paleoecology within California's Sierra Nevada National Parks: an overview of the past and prospectus for the future. Pages 329-337 in Proceedings of the Yosemite Centennial Symposium. Yosemite Association, El Portal, California.

Anderson, R. S. and S. J. Smith. 1994. Paleoclimatic interpretations of meadow sediment and pollen stratigraphies from California. Geology 22:723-726.

Anderson, R. S., and S. J. Smith. 1997. Sedimentary record of fire in montane meadows, Sierra Nevada, California, USA: a preliminary assessment. Pages 313-327 in J. S. Clark, H. Cachier, J. G. Goldammer, and B. Stocks (eds.), Sediment Records of Biomass Burning and Global Change. NATO ASI Series, Vol. I51, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Anderson, R. S., and S. J. Smith. In press. Climatic extremes of the last 4000 years as reflected in pollen records from the southern Sierra Nevada, California. Pages 25-43 in Southern California Climate: Trends and Extremes of the Last 2000 Years. Science Series No. __, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County.

Anderson, R. S., S. J. Smith, and P. A. Koehler. 1997. Distributions of sites and radiocarbon dates in the Sierra Nevada: implications for paleoecological prospecting. Radiocarbon 39:121-137.

Anderson, R. S., C. Wahrhaftig, K. L. Cole, M. Hughes and T. Swetnam. 1992. Field trip guide to "Quaternary Environments of the West Slope of the Sierra Nevada." Field Trip Guide printed for the 12th Biennial Meeting of the American Quaternary Association.

Arbaugh, M. J., S. Schilling, J. Merzenich, and J. W. van Wagtendonk. 2000. A test of the strategic fuels management model VDDT using historical data from Yosemite National Park. Pages 85-89 in L. F. Neuenschwander and K. C. Ryan (tech. eds.), Proceedings of the Joint Fire Sciences Conference and Workshop, Vol. II. University of Idaho and International Association of Wildland Fire. 312 p.

Brown, P. M., M. K. Hughes, C. H. Baisan, T. W. Swetnam, and A. C. Caprio. 1992. Giant sequoia ring width chronologies from the central Sierra Nevada, California. Tree-Ring Bulletin 52:1-14.

Brunelle, A. R. 1997. A post-glacial record of fire and vegetation history from Siesta Lake, Yosemite National Park, California. M.S. thesis, Northern Arizona University.

Bueno, M. M., N. Stephenson, J. E. Keeley, and A. Pfaff. 2002. The southern Sierra repeat photography project: vegetation changes over the past 125 years. Sierra Nevada Science Symposium, Kings Beach, California. (Abstract)

Bunn, A. G. 2002. Comparison of topographic correction algorithms for use with Landsat ETM+ in mountainous landscapes. ACSM- ASPRS Conference and Technology Exhibition. Washington, D.C. (Abstract)

Bunn, A. G., L. J. Graumlich, and D. L. Urban. In review (2002). Interpreting the climatic significance of trends in twentieth-century tree growth at high elevations. Submitted to Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research.

Bunn, A. G., R. L. Lawrence, G. J. Bellante, L. A. Waggoner, and L. J. Graumlich. In Press. Spatial variation in distribution and growth patterns of old growth strip-bark pines. Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research.

Bunn, A. G., L. G. Graumlich, and D. L. Urban. 2001. Interpreting the climatic significance of trends in twentieth-century tree growth at high elevations. Annual meeting of the American Geophysical Union. San Francisco, CA. December 2001. (Abstract)

Bunn, A. G., L. G. Graumlich, and D. L. Urban. 2001. Interpreting the climatic significance of trends in twentieth-century tree growth at high elevations. Annual meeting of the Ecological Society of America. Madison, WI. August 2001. (Abstract)

Bunn, A. G., D. L. Urban, and L. G. Graumlich. 2001. Variability in the physical and biotic templates of alpine treeline. Annual meeting of the International Association of Landscape Ecologists. Tempe, AZ. April 2001. (Abstract)

Bunn, A. G., D. L. Urban, and T. H. Keitt. 2000. Landscape connectivity: a conservation application of graph theory. Journal of Environmental Management 59:265-278.

Bunn, A. G., L. A. Waggoner, and L. J. Graumlich. In review. Topographic Mediation of Growth of Subalpine Trees in the Sierra Nevada, USA. Submitted to Landscape Ecology.

Bunn, A. G., L. A. Waggoner, and L. J. Graumlich. 2002. Extreme Variability in Tree-ring Chronologies from Different Physical Settings. Sierra Nevada Science Symposium, Kings Beach, California. (Abstract)

Caprio, T. C., and C. Baisan. 1992. Multi-millennial tree-ring chronologies from foxtail pine in the southern Sierra Nevada of California. Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer. 73:133 (abstract).

Caprio, T. C., L. S. Mutch, T. W. Swetnam, and C. H. Baisan. 1994. Temporal and spatial patterns of giant sequoia radial growth response to a high severity fire in A.D. 1297. Contract report to the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, Mountain Home State Forest.

Caprio, A. C., and T. W. Swetnam. 1995. Historic fire regimes along an elevational gradient on the west slope of the Sierra Nevada, California. Pages 173-179. in J. K. Brown, R. W. Mutch, C. W. Spoon, and R. H. Wakimoto (tech. coords.) Proceedings: Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-GTR-320.

Chang, C.-R. 1999. Understanding fire regimes. Ph.D. dissertation, Duke University, Durham, NC.

Chang, C. and D. L. Urban. 1998. Climatic gradients, fuel accumulation, and the formation of fire regimes. Abstracts, Landscape Ecology Symposium, East Lansing.

Chang, C. and D. L. Urban. 1998. Scaling fire regimes. Abstracts, annual meeting of Ecological Society of America, Baltimore, p. 43.

Clark, J. S., M. Silman, R. A. Kern, E. Macklin, and J. HilleRisLambers. 1999. Seed dispersal near and far: generalized patterns across temperate and tropical forests. Ecology 80:1475-1494.

Dickinson, R. E., M. Shaikh, R. Bryant, and L. J. Graumlich. 1998. Interactive canopies for a climate model. Journal of Climate 11:2823-2836.

Finney, M. A. 1994. Modeling the spread and behavior of prescribed natural fires. Pages 138-143 in J. D. Cohen, J. M. Saveland, and D. D. Wade (eds.), Proceedings of the 12th Conference on Fire and Forest Meteorology. Soc. Amer. Foresters, Bethesda, MD.

Finney, M. A. 1995. The missing tail and other considerations for the use of fire history models. International Journal of Wildland Fire 5:197-202.

Finney, M. A. 1995. FARSITE fire area simulator. Systems for Environmental Management, Missoula, MT.

Finney, M. A. 1995. Fire growth modeling in the Sierra Nevada of California. Pages 189-191 in J. K. Brown, R. W. Mutch, C. W. Spoon, and R. H. Wakimoto (tech. coords.), Proceedings: Symposium on fire in wilderness and park management. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-GTR-320.

Finney, M. A. 1998. FARSITE: Fire area simulator -- model development and evaluation. USDA Forest Service Research Paper RMRS-RP-4.

Finney, M. A., and K. C. Ryan. 1995. Use of the FARSITE fire growth model for fire prediction in the U. S. national parks. Pages __ in J. D. Sullivan, J. L. Wybo, and L. Buisson (eds.), International Emergency Management and Engineering Conference. International Emergency Management and Engineering Society, Paris, France.

Fullmer, D. G., R. R. Rogers, J. D. Manley, and N. L. Stephenson. 1996. Restoration as a component of ecosystem management for giant sequoia groves in California. Pages 109-115 in D. L. Peterson and C. V. Klimas (eds.), The Role of Restoration in Ecosystem Management. Society for Ecological Restoration, Madison, Wisconsin.

Gardner, R. H., and D. L. Urban. In Press. Model testing and validation: past lessons and present challenges. In C. D. Canham, J. J. Cole, and W. K. Lauenroth (eds.), The role of models in ecosystem science. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.

Garfin, G. M. 1998. Relationships between winter atmospheric circulation patterns and extreme tree growth anomalies in the Sierra Nevada. International Journal of Climatology 18:725-740.

Garfin, G. M. 1998. Winter atmospheric circulation and tree growth in the Sierra Nevada. Pages 95-105 in R. C. Wilson and V. L. Tharp (eds.), Proceedings of the 14th Annual Pacific Climate (PACLIM) Workshop, April 6-9, 1997, Interagency Ecological Program, Technical Report 57. California Department of Water Resources.

Garfin, G. M. 1998. Sierra Nevada tree rings and atmospheric circulation. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson.

Graumlich, L. J. 1991. Subalpine tree growth, climate, and increasing CO2: an assessment of recent growth trends. Ecology 72:1-11.

Graumlich, L. J. 1993. A 1000-year record of temperature and precipitation in the Sierra Nevada. Quaternary Research 39:249-255.

Graumlich, L. J. 1994. Long-term vegetation change in mountain environments: Paleoecological insights into modern vegetation dynamics. Pages 167-179 in M. Beniston (ed.), Mountain Environments in Changing Climates. Routledge, London.

Graumlich, L. J. 2000. Global change and wilderness areas: disentangling natural and anthropogenic changes. Pages 27-32 in S. F. McCool, D. N. Cole, W. T. Borrie, and J. O'Loughlin, compilers. Wilderness Science in a Time of Change Conference -- Volume 3: Wilderness as a Place for Scientific Inquiry. Proceedings RMRS-P-15-VOL-3. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.

Graumlich, L. J. 2000. 1000 years of climate change and forest response in western mountains. Symposium Presentation, Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting, August 6, 2000, Snowbird Utah. (Abstract)

Graumlich, L. J. 2002. Global Change, Globalization and Mountain Systems. Rocky Mountain Summit. Kalispell Montana. (Abstract)

Graumlich, L. J. and L. B. Brubaker. 1995. Long-term records of growth and distribution of conifers: integration of paleoecology and physiological ecology. Pages 37-62 in W. K. Smith and T. M. Hinckley (eds.), Ecophysiology of Coniferous Forests. Academic Press, New York.

Graumlich, L. J., and M. Ingram. 2000. Drought in the context of the last 1000+ years: some surprising implications. Pages 234-242 in D. Wilhite (ed.), Drought: A Global Assessment. Routledge Press, New York.

Graumlich, L. J., and A. H. Lloyd. 1996. Dendroclimatic, ecological and geomorphological evidence for long-term climatic change in the Sierra Nevada, U.S.A. Pages 51-59 in J. S. Dean, D. M. Meko, and T. W. Swetnam (eds.), Tree Rings, Environment, and Humanity. Proceedings of the International Conference. Radiocarbon, Department of Geosciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.

Graumlich, L. J., M. F. J. Pisaric, L. A. Waggoner, J. Littell, and J. King. In Press. Upper Yellowstone River flow and teleconnections with Pacific basin climate variability during the past three centuries. Climate Change.

Graumlich, L. J., L. A. Waggoner, and A. G. Bunn. In press. Detecting Global Change at Alpine Treeline: Coupling Paleoecology with Contemporary Studies. In Bugmann, H. (ed). Global Change and Mountain Regions: A State of Knowledge Overview.

Grissino-Mayer, H. D., and T. W. Swetnam. 2000. Century-scale climate forcing of fire regimes in the American Southwest. Holocene 10:213-220.

Grulke, N. E., and P. R. Miller. 1994. Changes in gas exchange characteristics during the life span of giant sequoia: implications for response to current and future concentrations of atmospheric ozone. Tree Physiology 14:659-668.

Grulke, N. E., P. R. Miller, and D. Scioli. 1996. Response of giant sequoia canopy foliage to elevated concentrations of atmospheric ozone. Tree Physiology 16:575-581.

Gutsell, S. L., E. A. Johnson, K. Miyanishi, J. E. Keeley, M. Dickinson, and S. R. J. Bridge. 2001. Varied ecosystems need different fire protection. Nature 409:377.

Haase, S. M., and S. S. Sackett. 1998. Effects of prescribed fire in giant sequoia - mixed conifer stands in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. Pages 236-243 in T. L. Pruden and L. A. Brennan (eds.), Fire in ecosystem management: shifting the paradigm from suppression to prescription. Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference Proceedings 20.

Halpin, P. N. 1995. A cross-scale analysis of environmental gradients and forest pattern in the giant sequoia - mixed conifer forest of the Sierra Nevada. Ph.D. dissertation. Duke University, Durham, NC.

Hughes, M. K., and P. M. Brown. 1992. Drought frequency in central California since 101 B.C. recorded in giant sequoia tree rings. Climate Dynamics 6:161-167.

Hughes, M. K., and H. R. Diaz. 1994. Was there a Medieval Warm Period, and if so, where and when? Climatic Change 26:109-142.

Hughes, M. K. and L. J. Graumlich. 1996. Multimillennial dendroclimatic records from the western United States. Pages 109-124 in R. S. Bradley, P. D. Jones, and J. Jouzel (eds.), Climatic Variations and Forcing Mechanisms of the last 2000 Years. NATO Advanced Studies Workshop Series. Springer-Verlag, New York.

Hughes, M. K., R. Touchan, and P. A. Brown. 1996. A multimillennial network of giant sequoia chronologies for dendroclimatology. Pages 225-234 in J. Dean, D. Meko, and T. Swetnam (eds.), Tree Rings, Environment and Humanity. Radiocarbon.

Keane, R. E., R. E. Burgan, and J. W. van Wagtendonk. 2001. Mapping wildland fuels for fire management across multiple scales: integrating remote sensing, GIS, and biophysical modeling. International Journal of Wildland Fire 10(3&4):301-319.

Keeley, J. E. 1999. Role of fire in shrubland ecosystems. Abstracts, Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America. (Abstract)

Keeley, J. E. 2000. Fire and invasive in Mediterranean-climate ecosystems of North America. Fire Conference 2000: The First National Congress on Fire Ecology, Prevention, and Management. San Diego, California. November 2000. (Abstract)

Keeley, J. E. 2001. We still need Smokey Bear! Fire Management Today 61(1):21-22.

Keeley, J. E. 2001. Fire and invasives in mediterranean-climate ecosystems of California. Pages 81-94 in K. E. M. Galley and T. P. Wilson (eds), Proceedings of the Invasive Species Workshop: The Role of Fire in the Control and Spread of Invasive Species. Fire Conference 2000: The First National Congress on Fire Ecology, Prevention, and Management. Miscellaneous Publication No. 11, Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, FL.

Keeley, J. E. 2002. Fire management of California shrubland landscapes. Environmental Management 29: 395-408.

Keeley, J. E. 2002. Native American impacts on fire regimes of the California coastal ranges. Journal of Biogeography 29: 303-320.

Keeley, J. E. 2002. Plant diversity and invasives in blue oak savannas of the southern Sierra Nevada, pp. 693- 704. In R. B. Standiford, D. McCreary, and K. L. Purcell (eds) Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on California's Oak Woodlands: Oaks in California's changing landscape. US Forest Service General Technical Report, PSW-GTR-184, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Albany, CA.

Keeley, J. E. and W. J. Bond. 2001. On incorporating fire into our thinking about natural ecosystems: A response to Saha and Howe. American Naturalist 158:664-670.

Keeley, J. E. and C. J. Fotheringham. 2001. The historical role of fire in California shrublands. Conservation Biology 15:1536-1548.

Keeley, J. E. and C. J. Fotheringham. 2001. History and management of crown-fire ecosystems: A summary and response. Conservation Biology 15:1561-1567.

Keeley, J. E., and W. J. Bond. 2001. On incorporating fire into our thinking about natural ecosystems: A response to Saha and Howe. American Naturalist 158:664-670.

Keeley, J. E. and C. J. Fotheringham. 2002. Impact of past, present, and future fire regimes on North American Mediterranean shrublands, pp. 214-258. In T. T. Veblen, W. L. Baker, G. Montenegro, and T. W. Swetnam (eds), Fire Regimes and Climatic Change in Temperate and Boreal Ecosystems of the Western Americans. Springer-Verlag, New York.

Keeley, J. E., C. J. Fotheringham, and M. Morais. 1999. Reexamining fire suppression impacts on brushland fire regimes. Science 284:1829-1832.

Keeley, J. E., M. B. Keeley, and W. J. Bond. 1999. Stem demography and postfire recruitment of a resprouting serotinous conifer. Journal of Vegetation Science 10:69-76.

Keeley, J. E., and N. L. Stephenson. 2000. Restoring natural fire regimes to the Sierra Nevada in an era of global change. Pages 255-265 in D. N. Cole, S. F. McCool, W. T. Borrie, and J. O'Loughlin, compilers. Wilderness Science in a Time of Change Conference -- Volume 5: Wilderness Ecosystems, Threats, and Management. Proceedings RMRS-P-15-VOL-5. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.

Keeley, J. E., M. Baer-Keeley, and C. J. Fotheringham (eds). 2000. 2nd Interface between Ecology and Land Development in California. U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 00-62. 299 pages.

Keifer, M. 1992. Long-term dynamics of the southern Sierra Nevada subalpine forest: the role of fire disturbance and climate. Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 73(2):228 (abstract).

Keifer, M., N. L. Stephenson, and J. Manley. 2000. Prescribed fire as the minimum tool for wilderness forest and fire regime restoration: a case study from the Sierra Nevada, California. Pages 266-269 in D. N. Cole, S. F. McCool, W. T. Borrie, and J. O'Loughlin, compilers. Wilderness Science in a Time of Change Conference -- Volume 5: Wilderness Ecosystems, Threats, and Management. Proceedings RMRS-P-15-VOL-5. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.

Keitt, T. H., and D. L. Urban. In Review. Scale-specific inference using wavelets. Submitted to Ecology.

Kern, R. A. 1995. The effect of light and water availability on the leaf water potential, growth, and survival of Sierran conifer seedlings. Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 76(6):85 (abstract).

Kern, R. A. 1996. A comparative field study of growth and survival of Sierran conifer seedlings. Ph.D. dissertation. Duke University, Durham NC.

Kern, R. A. 1996. The effects of light, elevation, and soil moisture on seedling growth and survival in Sierran conifer seedlings. In A Forum for Integrating Multidisciplinary Research to Advance the Science of Global Change. Graduate Fellowships for Global Change Fellows' Conference, U.S. Department Of Energy (abstract).

Kern, R. A. 1997. Seedling establishment patterns of some Sierran conifers. Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer. 78(4):268 (abstract).

Kern, R. A. 1997. The effect of elevation and light availability on survival and growth of Sierran conifer seedlings. In: The Pace and Pattern of Landscape Change, 12th Annual Symposium of the U.S. International Association for Landscape Ecology (abstract).

Kern, R. A. In Review. The effects of soil moisture and light availability on survival and growth of Sierran conifer seedlings. Submitted to Canadian Journal of Forest Research.

Kern, R. A., V. H. Dale, and J. J. Beauchamp. 1994. The effect of elevation, light and water availability on the growth of Sierran conifer seedlings. Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 75(2):109 (abstract).

Kern, R. A., V. H. Dale, and J. J. Beauchamp. In Review. Shade- and drought-tolerance trade-offs: the effect of elevation and light availability on survival and growth of Sierran conifer seedlings. Submitted to Canadian Journal of Forest Research.

Kern, R. A., R. Zimmermann, and R. Oren. 1996. Canopy transpiration in a giant sequoia - mixed conifer forest, Sequoia National Park, California. Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 77(3):231 (abstract).

King, J. C., and L. J. Graumlich. In review. Stem-layering and genet longevity in whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis). Submitted to Ecoscience.

Kitzberger, T., T. W. Swetnam, and T. T. Veblen. 1998. A comparison of fire histories and climatic change in the southwestern United States and Patagonia, Argentina. Abstracts, Pole-Equator-Pole Conference, Merida, Venezulea, Mar. 16-20, 1998.

Knapp, E. E., J. E. Keeley, and N. L. Stephenson. 2002. Tree mortality following reintroduction of fire to an old growth mixed conifer forest. Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America, Tucson, Arizona. (Abstract)

Knapp, E. E., J. E. Keeley, and N. L. Stephenson. 2002. Ecological impacts of season of prescribed fire in a Sierran mixed conifer forest. Sierra Nevada Science Symposium, Kings Beach, California. (Abstract)

Koehler, P. A. 1993. The paleoecology and stratigraphy of Nichols Meadow, Sierra National Forest, California. M.S. thesis, Northern Arizona University. 59 pages.

Koehler, P. A., and R. S. Anderson. 1994. The paleoecology and stratigraphy of Nichols Meadow, Sierra National Forest, California, USA. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 112:1-17.

Lauenroth, W. K., D. L. Urban, D. P. Coffin, W. J. Parton, H. H. Shugart, T. B. Kirchner, and T. M. Smith. 1993. Modeling vegetation structure - ecosystem process interactions across sites and biomes. Ecological Modelling 67:49-80.

Levine, E. R., K. J. Ranson, J. A. Smith, D. L. Williams, R. G. Knox, H. H. Shugart, D. L. Urban, and W. T. Lawrence. 1993. Forest ecosystem dynamics: linking forest models, soil processes, and radiation models. Ecological Modelling 65:199-220.

Lloyd, A. H. 1996. Patterns and processes of treeline forest response to late Holocene climate change in the Sierra Nevada, California. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Arizona, Tucson.

Lloyd, A. H. 1996. Controls over foxtail pine seedling growth at treeline in the Sierra Nevada. Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer. 77(3):269 (abstract).

Lloyd, A. H. 1997. Response of tree-line populations of foxtail pine (Pinus balfouriana) to climate variation over the last 1,000 years. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 27:936-942.

Lloyd, A. H. 1998. Elevational controls over foxtail pine seedling growth at treeline in the Sierra Nevada. EcoScience 5: 250-257.

Lloyd, A. H. and L. J. Graumlich. 1993. Late Holocene treeline fluctuations in the southern Sierra Nevada. Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer. 74(2):334 (abstract).

Lloyd, A. H. and L. J. Graumlich. 1995. Spatial and temporal patterns of change at treeline in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, CA. Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer. 76(2):176 (abstract).

Lloyd, A. H., and L. J. Graumlich. 1997. Holocene dynamics of treeline forests in the Sierra Nevada. Ecology 78:1199-1210.

Lookingbill, T. R., and D. L. Urban. In Press. Spatial estimation of air temperature differences for landscape-scale studies in montane environments. Ag. Met.

Manley, J., M. Keifer, N. Stephenson, and W. Kaage. 2001. Restoring fire to wilderness: Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. Fire Management Today 61(2):24-28.

Mann, M. E., R. S. Bradley, and M. K. Hughes. 1997. Large-scale climatic reconstructions based on high-resolution multi-proxy data. Pages 221-226 in Eighth Symposium on Global Change Studies, American Meteorological Society, Boston.

Mann, M. E., R. S. Bradley, and M. K. Hughes. 1998. Global-scale temperature patterns and climate forcing over the past six centuries. Nature 392:779-787.

Mann, M. E., R. S. Bradley, and M. K. Hughes. 1999. Northern hemisphere temperatures during the past millennium: inferences, uncertainties, and limitations. Geophysical Research Letters 26:759-762.

Markgraf, V, T. R. Baumgartner, J. P. Bradbury, H. R. Diaz, R. B. Dunbar, B. H. Luckman, G. O. Seltzer, T. W. Swetnam, and R. Villalba. 2000. Paleoclimate reconstruction along the Pole-Equator-Pole transect of the Americas (PEP 1). Quaternary Science Reviews 19:125-140.

McKelvey, K. S., C. N. Skinner, C.-r. Chang, D. C. Erman, S. J. Husari, D. J. Parsons, J. W. van Wagtendonk, and C. P. Weatherspoon. 1996. An overview of fire in the Sierra Nevada. Pages 1033-1040 in Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Project: Final Report to Congress, vol. II, Assessments and Scientific Basis for Management Options. Centers for Water and Wildland Resources, University of California, Davis.

Menning, K. M., J. J. Battles, T. M. Benning, and N. L. Stephenson. 1999. Structural variability of a Sierra Nevadan forest analyzed in prelude to restoration by fire. Abstracts, Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America, p. 107.

Menning, K. M., T. L. Benning, J. J. Battles, and N. L. Stephenson. 1999. Variability in forest fire fuel loads across a montane valley with high variability in forest structure. Proceedings of the 5th World Congress of the International Association of Landscape Ecology, p. 148 (abstract).

Menning, K. M., J. J. Battles, T. L. Benning, and N. L. Stephenson. 2000. Forest litter densities under different canopy species in the mixed conifer forest of the southern Sierra Nevada: another factor affecting ground fire spread? Abstracts, Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America, p. 159. (Abstract)

Menning, K. M., J. J. Battles, T. L. Benning, and N. L. Stephenson. 2002. Forest litter densities under different dominant tree species: a factor affecting ground fire spread. Sierra Nevada Science Symposium, Kings Beach, California. (Abstract)

Miller, C. 1994. A model of the interactions among climate, fire and forest pattern in the Sierra Nevada. M.S. thesis, Colorado State University, Fort Collins.

Miller, C. 1998. Forest pattern, surface fire regimes, and climatic change in the Sierra Nevada, California. Ph.D. dissertation, Colorado State University, Fort Collins.

Miller, C., and D. L. Urban. 1995. A model of the interactions among climate, fire, and forest pattern in the Sierra Nevada. Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 76(2):184 (abstract).

Miller, C., and D. L. Urban. 1997. Responses of forest pattern to the suppression and reintroduction of surface fires. Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 78(3): (abstract).

Miller, C., and D. L. Urban. 1997. Response of forest pattern to the suppression and reintroduction of surface fires. Abstracts, 12th Annual Landscape Ecology Symposium, Durham, North Carolina, p. 91.

Miller, C., and D. L. Urban. 1999. A model of surface fire, climate and forest pattern in the Sierra Nevada, California. Ecological Modelling 114:113-135.

Miller, C., and D. L. Urban. 1999. Interactions between forest heterogeneity and surface fire regimes in the southern Sierra Nevada. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29:202-212.

Miller, C., and D. L. Urban. 1999. Forest pattern, fire, and climatic change in the Sierra Nevada. Ecosystems 2:76-87.

Miller, C. and D. L. Urban. 2000. Connectivity of forest fuels and surface fire regimes. Landscape Ecology 15:145-154.

Miller, C. and D. L. Urban. 2000. Modeling the effects of fire management alternatives on mixed-conifer forests in the Sierra Nevada. Ecological Applications 10:85-94.

Miller, C., and D. L. Urban. 2000. Connectivity of forest fuels and surface fire regimes. Landscape Ecology 15:145-154.

Miller, C., D. L. Urban, and R. H. Gardner. 1996. The response of landscape structure to surface fire regimes in the Sierra Nevada, California. Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 77(3):307 (abstract).

Miller, C., D. L. Urban, and R. H. Gardner. 1996. Landscape connectivity and fire frequency. Abstracts, 11th Annual Landscape Ecology Symposium, Galveston, Texas, p. 72.

Montenegro, G., R. Ginocchio, A. Segura, and J. E. Keeley. In press. Fire regimes and vegetation responses in two mediterranean-climate regions. In G. A. Bradshaw and P. A. Marquet (editors), How landscapes change: Human disturbance and ecosystem disruptions in the Americas. Springer-Verlag.

Moore, C. M., N. L. Stephenson, V. G. Pile, A. M. Heard, J. E. Keeley, B. E. Johnson, and P. H. Whitmarsh. 1999. Long-term ecological research in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California. Abstracts, Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America, p. 284.

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Mutch, L. S. 1994. Growth responses of giant sequoia to fire and climate in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California. M.S. thesis, University of Arizona, Tucson.

Mutch, L. S., and D. J. Parsons. 1998. Mixed conifer forest mortality and establishment before and after prescribed fire in Sequoia National Park, California. Forest Science 44:341-355.

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Parsons, D. J. 1991. Global change: an opportunity for the 1990s. The George Wright Forum 7(3):40-42.

Parsons, D. J. 1994. Objects or ecosystems? Giant sequoia management in national parks. Pages 109-115 in P. S. Aune (tech. coord.), Proceedings of the Symposium on Giant Sequoias: their place in the ecosystem and society. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-151.

Parsons, D. J. 1995. Restoring fire to giant sequoia groves: what have we learned in 25 years? Pages 256-258 in J. K. Brown, R. W. Mutch, C. W. Spoon, and R. H. Wakimoto (tech. coords.), Proceedings: Symposium on fire in wilderness and park management. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-GTR-320.

Parsons, D. J., and S. J. Botti. 1996. Restoration of fire in national parks. Pages 29-31 in C. C. Hardy and S. F. Arno (eds.), The use of fire in forest restoration. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-GTR-341.

Parsons, D. J., D. M. Graber, and N. L. Stephenson. 1990. Planning for global climate change research -- an example from Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. The George Wright Forum 6(4):1-9.

Parsons, D. J., A. C. Workinger, and A. M. Esperanza. 1992. Composition, structure, and physical and pathological characteristics of nine forest stands in Sequoia National Park. USDI National Park Service Tech. Report NPS/WRUC/NRTR-92/50. 195 pages.

Parsons, D. J., N. L. Stephenson, D. M. Graber, and A. M. Esperanza. 1993. Understanding the effects of climatic change on the ecosystems of the Sierra Nevada. Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 74:384-385 (abstract).

Parsons, D. J., T. W. Swetnam, and N. L. Christensen. 1999. Uses and limitations of historical variability concepts in managing ecosystems. Ecological Applications 9:1177-1178.

Parsons, D. J., and J. W. van Wagtendonk. 1996. Fire research and management in the Sierra Nevada national parks. Pages 25-48 in W. L. Halvorson and G. E. Davis (eds.), Science and Ecosystem Management in the National Parks. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.

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Pierce, K. B. 2002. Reconciling forest demography with gradient analysis in montane landscapes. Ph.D. dissertation, University Program in Ecology, Duke University.

Pierce, K. B., and D. L. Urban. 2002. Predicting optimum sampling strategies to capture species-environment interactions. Annual meeting of the Ecological Society of America, Tucson, AZ. (Abstract)

Pierce, K. B., T. R. Lookingbill, and D. L. Urban. In Review (2002). A simple method for estimating potential relative radiation (PRR) for landscape-scale vegetation analysis. Submitted to Landscape Ecology.

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Rogers, D. L. 1999. Patterns of genetic variation within and between two groves of giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl.) Buch.). Report to the Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service. 8 pages.

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Roy, D. G., and J. L. Vankat. 1998. Reversal of human-induced vegetation changes in Sequoia National Park, California. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29:399-412.

Shafer, S. L., T. W. Swetnam, P. J. Bartlein, and C. Whitlock. 2002. "Fire and Climate History in Western North and South America," Meeting Review of a workshop held in Tucson, Arizona, 23–28 March 2002. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 83(3):187-188.

Schwartz, M. W., C. A. Brigham, J. D. Hoeksema, K. G. Lyons, M. H. Mills, and P. J. van Mantgem. 2000. Linking biodiversity to ecosystem function: implications for conservation ecology. Oecologia 122:297-305.

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Smith, S. J., and R. S. Anderson. 1992. Late Wisconsin paleoecologic record from Swamp Lake, Yosemite National Park, California. Quaternary Research 38:91-102.

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Stephenson, N. L. 1992. What do "wet" and "dry" really mean to vegetation? Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 73(2):355-356 (abstract).

Stephenson, N. L. 1994. Effects of two millennia of changing climate and fire regimes on giant sequoia populations. Page 63 in Ecosystem Management and Restoration for the 21st Century, 21st annual Natural Areas Conference, Palm Beach Gardens, Florida (abstract).

Stephenson, N. L. 1994. Long-term dynamics of sequoia populations: implications for managing a pioneer species. Pages 56-63 in P. S. Aune, ed., Proceedings of the Conference, Giant Sequoias: Their Place in the Ecosystem and Society. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-151.

Stephenson, N. L. 1996. Ecology and management of giant sequoia groves. Pages 1431-1467 in Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Project: Final Report to Congress, vol. II, Assessments and Scientific Basis for Management Options. Centers for Water and Wildland Resources, University of California, Davis.

Stephenson, N. L. 1998. Actual evapotranspiration and deficit: biologically meaningful correlates of vegetation distribution across spatial scales. Journal of Biogeography 25:855-870.

Stephenson, N. L. 1999. Reference conditions for giant sequoia forest restoration: structure, process, and precision. Ecological Applications 9:1253-1265.

Stephenson, N. L. 1999. Reference conditions for giant sequoia forest restoration: structure, process, and precision. Abstracts, Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America, p. 35.

Stephenson, N. L. 2000. Estimated ages of some large giant sequoias: General Sherman keeps getting younger. Madroño 47:61-67.

Stephenson, N. L. 2000. Climate, vegetation, and considerations for restoration. Pages 195-210 in J. E. Keeley, M. Baer-Keeley, and C. J. Fotheringham (eds.), 2nd Interface Between Ecology and Land Development in California. U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 00-62.

Stephenson, N. L. 2001. Predicting vegetation change: how good are our assumptions? Abstracts, The Big Unknowns of Global Change, University of Georgia State-of-the-Art Conference and Workshop, p. 15.

Stephenson, N. 2002. Sierra Nevada global change and fire research. People, Land, and Water 8(10):18.

Stephenson, N. L. 2002. The Story Continues. Closing chapter (pages 72-74) in R. J. Hartesveldt, H. T. Harvey, H. S. Shellhammer, and R. E. Stecker, Giant Sequoias. Fourth printing with revisions. Sequoia Natural History Association, Three Rivers, CA.

Stephenson, N. L. 2002. The National Park Service mission and ecosystem impairment in an era of rapid global change. National Park Service West by Northwest 2002 conference. Seattle, Washington. (Abstract)

Stephenson, N. L., and A. Demetry. 1995. Estimating ages of giant sequoias. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25:223-233.

Stephenson, N. L., and D. J. Parsons. 1993. A research program to predict the effects of climatic change on the Sierra Nevada. Pages 93-109 in S. D. Veirs, T. J. Stohlgren, and C. Schonewald-Cox (eds.), Proceedings 4th Conference on Research in California's National Parks. Transactions and Proceedings NPS/NRUC/NRTP-93/9, USDI National Park Service, Washington, D. C.

Stephenson, N., M. Keifer, and J. Manley. 2002. Restoring western forests: fires, saws, or both? People, Land, and Water 8(10):18.

Stephenson, N. L., J. E. Keeley, J. W. van Wagtendonk, D. L. Urban, T. W. Swetnam, and L. J. Graumlich. 2002. The Sierra Nevada Global Change Research Program. Sierra Nevada Science Symposium, Kings Beach, California. (Abstract)

Stephenson, N. L., D. J. Parsons, and T. W. Swetnam. 1991. Restoring natural fire to the sequoia - mixed conifer forest: should intense fire play a role? Proceedings of the Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference 17:321-337.

Stephenson, N. L., L. S. Mutch, A. J. Das, V. G. Pile, C. I. Dickard, and P. E. Moore. 1998. Why do tree death rates decrease with elevation in the Sierra Nevada? Abstracts, Annual meeting of the Ecological Society of America, p. 219.

Stephenson, N. L., T. W. Swetnam, and T. T. Veblen. 2000. Altered disturbance regimes: fire, fuels, and forest structure. Abstracts, Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America, p. 35. (Abstract)

Stephenson, N., M. Keifer, and J. Manley. 2002. Restoring western forests: fires, saws, or both? People, Land, and Water 8(10):18. (USDI employee news magazine)

Stephenson, N. L., P. J. van Mantgem, P. E. Moore, J. F. Franklin, and D. J. Parsons. In review. Dissecting the inverse relationship between tree growth rate and probability of death. Submitted to Ecology.

Stephenson, N. L., P. J. van Mantgem, and P. E. Moore. 2002. Tree growth and death in the Sierra Nevada. Sierra Nevada Science Symposium, Kings Beach, California. (Abstract)

Swetnam, T. W. 1992. Annual to millennial-scale fire and climate patterns in the Sierra Nevada, California, U.S.A. Abstracts, American Quaternary Association, 12th Biennial Meeting, 24-26 August, 1992, University of California, Davis, p. 27.

Swetnam, T. W. 1993. Fire history and climate change in giant sequoia groves. Science 262:885-889.

Swetnam, T. W. 1997. Fire history along elevational gradients in the Sierra Nevada. Abstracts, Fire in California Ecosystems: Integrating Ecology, Prevention, and Management, November 17-20, 1997, San Diego, University Extension, Univ. Calif., Davis. Pages 21-22.

Swetnam, T. W. 2002. Fire and climate history in the western Americas from tree rings. PAGES News, 10(1) April 2002.

Swetnam, T. W. and C. H. Baisan. 2003. Tree-ring reconstructions of fire and climate history in the Sierra Nevada and Southwestern United States.  Chapter 6, pages 158-195, In:  T. T. Veblen, W. Baker, G. Montenegro, and T. W. Swetnam, editors. Fire and Climatic Change in Temperate Ecosystems of the Western Americas. Ecological Studies Vol. 160. Springer-Verlag, New York.

Swetnam, T. W., and J. L. Betancourt. 1998. Mesoscale disturbance and ecological response to decadal climatic variability in the American Southwest. Journal of Climate 11:3128-3147.

Swetnam, T. W., C. D. Allen, and J. L. Betancourt. 1999. Applied historical ecology: using the past to manage for the future. Ecological Applications 9:1189-1206.

Swetnam, T. W., J. L. Betancourt, and C. D. Allen. 1999. Comparisons of climate and disturbance history in the Pacific Northwest and American Southwest: insights for land management. Abstracts, Annual meeting of the Ecological Society of America, p. 36.

Swetnam, T. W., R. Touchan, C. H. Baisan, A. C. Caprio, and P. M. Brown. 1991. Giant sequoia fire history in Mariposa Grove, Yosemite National Park. Pages 249-255 in Proceedings of the Yosemite Centennial Symposium. Yosemite Association, El Portal, California.

Swetnam, T. W., C. H. Baisan, A. C. Caprio, R. Touchan, and P. M. Brown. 1992. Tree-ring reconstruction of giant sequoia fire regimes. Report on Cooperative Agreement DOI 8018-1-0002 to National Park Service. University of Arizona. 90 p. plus appendices.

Swetnam, T. W., C. H. Baisan, K. Morino, and A. C. Caprio. 1998. Fire history along elevational transects in the Sierra Nevada, California. Final report to U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division Global Change Research Program.

Urban, D. L. 1998. Using model analysis to design sampling programs for natural resource monitoring and impact assessment. Abstracts, Annual meeting of the Ecological Society of America, Baltimore, p. 131.

Urban, D. L. 2000. Using model analysis to design monitoring programs for landscape management and impact assessment. Ecological Applications 10:1820-1832.

Urban, D. L. 2002. Tactical monitoring of landscapes. Pages 294-311 in J. L. Liu and W. W. Taylor (eds.), Integrating landscape ecology into natural resource management. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.

Urban, D. L. 2002. Classification and regression trees. Pages 222-232 in B. McCune and J. B. Grace, Analysis of ecological communities. MjM Software Design, Gleneden Beach, Oregon.

Urban, D. L. 2002. Landscape pattern and ecological process in the Sierra Nevada. Invited plenary, Sierra Nevada Science Symposium, Lake Tahoe, CA. (Abstract)

Urban, D. L., and C. Miller. 1996. Modeling Sierran forests: capabilities and prospectus for gap models. Pages 733-744 in Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Project: Final Report to Congress, vol. III, Assessments, Commissioned Reports, and Background Information. Centers for Water and Wildland Resources, University of California, Davis.

Urban, D. L., and H. H. Shugart. 1992. Individual-based models of forest succession. Pages 249-292 in D. C. Glenn-Lewin, R. K. Peet, and T. T. Veblen (eds.), Plant Succession: Theory and Prediction. Chapman-Hall, London.

Urban, D. L., M. F. Acevedo, and S. L. Garman. 1999. Scaling fine-scale processes to large-scale patterns using models derived from models: meta-models. Pages 70-98 in D. J. Mladenoff and W. L. Baker (eds.), Spatial Modeling of Forest Landscape Change: Approaches and Applications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

Urban, D. L., G. B. Bonan, T. M. Smith, and H. H. Shugart. 1991. Spatial applications of gap models. Forest Ecology and Management 42:95-110.

Urban, D. L., C. Miller, P. N. Halpin, and N. L. Stephenson. 2000. Forest gradient response in Sierran landscapes: the physical template. Landscape Ecology 15:603-620.

Urban, D. L, S. Goslee, K. B. Pierce, and T. R. Lookingbill. 2002. Extending community ecology to landscapes. Ecoscience 9:200-212.

van Mantgem, P. J. 1998. Fire tolerance of common mixed conifer trees: implications for forest management. California Association of Fire Ecologists annual meeting, San Diego, CA (abstract).

van Mantgem, P. J. 1999. Determining the impacts of unplanned disturbances: coming to terms with pseudoreplication. California Association of Fire Ecologists annual meeting, San Diego, CA (abstract).

van Mantgem, P. J. 2001. Fire-induced Tree Mortality in the Mixed Conifer Forests of the Sierra Nevada, California. Ph.D. dissertation. University of California, Davis. 107 pages.

van Mantgem, P. and M. W. Schwartz. 2000. Cambial heat resistance in understory in Californian mixed conifer forests. Ecological Society of America 85th annual meeting. August 6 – 10, 2000 Snowbird, Utah. (Abstract)

van Mantgem, P. and M. Schwartz. In Press. Bark heat resistance of small trees in Californian mixed conifer forests: testing some model assumptions. Forest Ecology and Management.

van Mantgem, P. J., and M. W. Schwartz. In Review. An experimental demonstration of stem damage as a predictor of fire-caused mortality for ponderosa pine. Submitted to Canadian Journal of Forest Research.

van Mantgem, P. J., and N. L. Stephenson. 2002. Searching for a general model of tree death in burned and unburned stands. Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America, Tucson, Arizona. (Abstract)

van Mantgem, P. J., and N. L. Stephenson. 2002. When life ain't so sweet: the decline of sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana Dougl.) in the Sierra Nevada. Sierra Nevada Science Symposium, Kings Beach, California. (Abstract)

van Mantgem, P. J., M. Keifer, and N. L. Stephenson. 2002. The sugar pine dilemma: prescription burning, naturalness, and the management of a declining species. Annual meeting of the Association for Fire Ecology, San Diego, California. (Abstract)

van Mantgem, P. J., N. L. Stephenson, M. Keifer, and J. Keeley. In Review. Effects of an introduced pathogen and fire exclusion on long-term demographic trends of sugar pine in the Sierra Nevada. Submitted to Ecological Applications.

van Mantgem, P., N. L. Stephenson, L. S. Mutch, V. G. Johnson, A. M. Esperanza, and D. J. Parsons. 2003. Growth rate predicts mortality of Abies concolor in both burned and unburned stands. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33:1029-1038.

van Mantgem, P., M. W. Schwartz, and M. Keifer. 2001. Monitoring fire effects for managed burns and wildfires: coming to terms with pseudoreplication. Natural Areas Journal 21:266-273.

van Wagtendonk, J. W. 1991. Spatial analysis of lightning strikes in Yosemite National Park. Pages 605-611 in P. L. Andrews and D. F. Potts (eds.), Proceedings of the 11th Conference on Fire and Forest Meteorology. Society of American Foresters, Bethesda, MD.

van Wagtendonk, J. W. 1992. Spatial analysis of vegetation types in Yosemite National Park. Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 73(2):373 (abstract).

van Wagtendonk, J. W. 1993. Park goals and current fire policy. Renewable Resources Journal 11(1): 19.

van Wagtendonk, J. W. 1994. Spatial patterns of lightning strikes and fires in Yosemite National Park. Pages 223-231 in Proceedings of the 12th Conference Fire and Forest Meteorology. Society of American Foresters, Bethesda, MD.

van Wagtendonk, J. W. 1995. Large fires in wilderness areas. Pages 113-116 in J. K. Brown, R. W. Mutch, C. W. Spoon, and R. H. Wakimoto (tech. coords.), Proceedings: Symposium on fire in wilderness and park management. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-GTR-320.

van Wagtendonk, J. W. 1996. Use of a deterministic fire growth model to test fuel treatments. Pages 1155-1165 in Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Project: Final Report to Congress, vol. II, Assessments and Scientific Basis for Management Options. Centers for Water and Wildland Resources, University of California, Davis.

van Wagtendonk, J. W. 1998. Use of thematic mapper imagery to map fuel models. Proceedings 13th Conf. on Fire and Forest Meteorology. International Association of Wildland Fire. 13:215-224.

van Wagtendonk, J. W. 2000. A quarter century of burning in the Illilouette Creek watershed. Fire Conference 2000: The First National Congress on Fire Ecology, Prevention, and Management. San Diego, California, November 27, 2000. (Abstract)

van Wagtendonk, J. W., and R. R. Root. 2000. Hyperspectral analysis of multi-temporal Landsat TM data for mapping fuels in Yosemite National Park. Pages 224-228 in L. F. Neuenschwander and K. C. Ryan (tech. eds.), Proceedings of the Joint Fire Sciences Conference and Workshop, Vol. I. University of Idaho and International Association of Wildland Fire. 298 p.

van Wagtendonk, J. W., J. M. Benedict, and W. M. Sydoriak. 1996. Physical properties of woody fuel particles of Sierra Nevada conifers. International Journal of Wildland Fire 6(3): 117-123.

van Wagtendonk, J. W., J. M. Benedict, and W. M. Sydoriak. 1998. Fuel bed characteristics of Sierra Nevada conifers. Western Journal of Applied Forestry 13(3): 73-84.

van Wagtendonk, J. W., W. M. Sydoriak, and J. M. Benedict. 1998. Heat content variation of Sierra Nevada conifers. International Journal of Wildland Fire 8:147-158.

van Wagtendonk, J. W., and R. R. Root. 2001. The use of multi-temporal Landsat Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data for mapping fuels in Yosemite National Park, USA. 3rd International Workshop on Remote Sensing, GIS, and Fire Management. Paris, France, May 17-18, 2001. (Abstract)

van Wagtendonk, K. A., J. W. van Wagtendonk, and J. B. Meyer. 2001. The use of geographic information for fire management planning in Yosemite National Park. 2001 Spatial Odyssey: a Servicewide Conference on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Related Technologies, National Park Service. Primm, NV, December 3-7, 2001. (Abstract)

Veblen, T. T., W. Baker, G. Montenegro, and T. W. Swetnam (editors). 2003. Fire and Climatic Change in Temperate Ecosystems of the Western Americas. Ecological Studies Vol. 160. Springer-Verlag, New York. 444 pp.

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Weise, D. R., J. van Wagtendonk, M. Arbaugh, J. Chew, G. J. Jones, M. Witala, J. Merzenich, M. Schaaf, S. Schilling, and R. Kimberlin. 2002. Simulation of historical fires and their impact on fuels in Yosemite National Park. Conference of Fire, Fuel Treatments and Ecological Restoration: Proper Place, Appropriate Time. April 16-18, Fort Collins, CO. (Abstract)

Weishampel, J. F., and D. L. Urban. 1996. Coupling a spatially-explicit forest gap model with a 3-D solar routine to simulate latitudinal effects. Ecological Modelling 86:101-111.

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